Petrochemical raw materials

Diesel is one of the petrochemicals that has differences with other vehicle fuels such as gasoline. Among the differences between diesel and gasoline, we can mention the way they are refined, which is easier to refine and produces more energy per liter than gasoline.

Diesel is also known as petroleum gas and is used for fueling diesel cars and thermal installations. Diesel is one of the crude oil products that is obtained after kerosene in the distillation tower and has many uses.

Gasoline can be produced in atmospheric distillation tower and vacuum distillation tower. Diesel is a colorless liquid that has a higher density than other common fuels. It also has relatively high viscosity, which causes adhesion.

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Urea looks very similar to crystals and is colorless, its melting point is 132.7, and it is considered as one of the petrochemical raw materials. If urea boils earlier than the above temperature, it will decompose.

Urea is produced industrially based on the Bosch Meiser process from ammonia and carbon dioxide in integrated sites. Since the synthesis of ammonia used in the production of urea does not require the production of hydrogen with the term methane, it can be used.

Industrial urea is a non-flammable substance and is not harmful to the environment, which has the chemical formula CH4N2O. This substance can be used in various fields such as agriculture, feed supplements, in the plastic and medicine industry.

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Liquefied gas (LPG) is in the category of petrochemical raw materials, which is mostly used for heating purposes. It is also a colorless and volatile gas that is obtained through pressure, cooling and liquefaction of the purification gas and does not contain olefin.

Liquefied gas or LPG refers to two hydrocarbon gases, butane and propane or their combination, which are kept in liquid form. Compounds of propylene and butylene are among other things that may be added to liquid gas.

Among the applications of liquid gas (LPG), we can mention fuel for vehicles and in heating cases. One of the advantages of liquid gas is its simple transportation, which can be used in cases where fuel is needed.

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Petrochemicals are actually substances that are obtained from oil in trace form. Also, some chemical compounds made from oil are also obtained from other fossil fuels such as coal or natural gas or renewable resources such as corn, dates and sugarcane.

Materials made from petrochemicals include items such as soap, detergents, solvents, drugs, fertilizers, pesticides, synthetic rubber and rubber, explosives, paints, epoxy resins, insulating materials, urea, sulfur, gasoline, diesel. , bitumen, etc.

Petrochemicals are often composed of carbon and hydrogen and are called hydrocarbons. If the atoms in the molecules are connected to each other by a single ion, the molecule is said to be saturated. Also, if they are connected to a monolayer by one or more double bonds, they are unsaturated molecules. Unsaturated chemicals are used as petrochemical feedstock due to their reactivity and can easily be converted into other petrochemical materials.

Petrochemical raw materials

They are divided into three general groups: olefins, aromatics and synthetic and inorganic gases. Olefins whose molecules form straight and unsaturated chains include ethylene, propylene and butadiene. Ethylene is the primary hydrocarbon material that is used in the largest volume in the petrochemical industry.For example, ethylene glycol is made from ethylene, which is used in polyester resin fibers and in antifreeze. Propylene is also used in the manufacture of products such as acrylic, rubbing alcohol, epoxy glue, paper coverings and carpets.

Aromatics are hydrocarbon molecules that form rings and are unsaturated. The main raw materials include benzene, toluene, xylene and naphthalene. Benzene is used to make styrene, the raw material of styrene plastic. It is also used to make paint, epoxy resin and glue.Toluene is used to make solvents, gasoline additives and explosives. Xylene is also used in making plastics, synthetic fibers and gasoline refining. Naphthalene is used significantly in the manufacture of insecticides.

Synthesis gases are used to produce ammonia and methanol. Ammonia is primarily used to form ammonium nitrate and a source of fertilizer. Most of the methanol produced is used to make formaldehyde, and the rest is used to make polyester fibers, plastic and silicone rubber.

The petrochemical industry got its impetus in 1913 from the development of the thermal cracking process by which crude oil was refined. The process produced gas byproducts that were initially used only as lighting gas or fuel, but in the 1920s and 30s were useful as chemical raw materials.

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