Plastic raw materials

One of the most practical models of polystyrene, which is a part of polymer, is crystalline polystyrene, which is also known as crystal polystyrene and is used for general purposes. It is used to make disposable containers, electrical parts, sports equipment and toys.

The use of crystalline polystyrene has advantages such as high strength, transparency, dimensional stability, high electrical properties, resistance to gamma rays and low price. Its disadvantages include brittleness at ambient temperature and poor mechanical properties. This product is also available as a compound, which, due to its impact on the production of the final product, should be known when purchasing how to distinguish a quality compound from a poor one.

According to the applications of crystalline polystyrene, which is used in the production of disposable containers, etc., it can also be placed in the category of plastic raw materials. In the market, crystalline polystyrene is known as crystal, and it is a glossy, glassy, ​​resistant and hard polymer.

Applications of crystalline polystyrene

It is used for food packaging such as dairy products, meat and chicken trays, chicken plastic cartons, as well as in electronic industries and household appliances such as TV frames, computer frames, internal linings of freezers and refrigerators due to the ease of the process, recyclability and high hardness.

Features of crystalline polystyrene

Transparency and hardness:

Crystalline polystyrene is transparent in its pure form, and for this reason it is used in the manufacture of decorative products and packaging.

Impact resistance:

Due to the combination with rubber, its impact resistance is higher than ordinary polystyrene.

Processing capability:

This material is easily processed by injection, extrusion and thermoforming methods.

Chemical resistance:

It has good resistance against acids and weak bases.

Light weight:

This material has a low density and is very suitable for the production of light products.

Crystalline polystyrene can also be used as a compound. The difference between compound and masterbatch is in their application, in such a way that the compound is used to produce the final product, but the masterbatch gives specific properties to the primary polymers.

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Additives (Masterbatch) is actually a solid product that is usually rubber, plastic or elastomer. Masterbatch is a thick mixture of pigments that is added to polymer raw materials.

Masterbatch is a type of additive that is used to color polymer raw materials or transfer other properties to them, and its difference from compound is that compound is used to produce the final product. To produce masterbatch, the pigments or additives are first identified and weighed, and then mixed with carrier resin or polymer raw materials.

For example, masterbatches may have the following additives:
UV stabilizer

Antioxidants

Lubricants and molding agents

Foaming agents

Antistatic agents

Nucleogenic agents

Anti-blocking agents, etc

Masterbatch is a concentrated additive to the granule for modifying thermoplastics, and an additive is composed of one or more materials and a special polymer carrier resin. Today, masterbatches are widely used in the plastic industry and are one of the essential materials in the 21st century.

Masterbatch applications

In addition to paper, glass and metal are also used in packaging from Masterbatch. Various types of masterbatch can be used in the automotive industry, electrical and electronic industry, construction industry, consumer goods, appliances and household items.

Advantages of masterbatch:

Ease of use

Uniformity in color and product properties

Reduction of production cost due to optimal use of additives

Masterbatch is added to the composition as a percentage of the total weight of raw materials and can be used in processes such as plastic injection, extrusion and molding.

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One of the most practical models of polystyrene, which is a part of polymer, is crystalline polystyrene, which is also known as crystal polystyrene and is used for general purposes. It is used to make disposable containers, electrical parts, sports equipment and toys.

Using crystalline polystyrene has advantages such as high strength, transparency, dimensional stability, high electrical properties, resistance to gamma rays and low price. Also, its disadvantages include fragility at ambient temperature and poor mechanical properties.

According to the applications of crystalline polystyrene, which is used in the production of disposable containers, etc., it can also be placed in the category of plastic raw materials. In the market, crystalline polystyrene is known as crystal, and it is a glossy, glassy, ​​resistant and hard polymer.

Applications of crystalline polystyrene

It is used for food packaging such as dairy products, meat and chicken trays, chicken plastic cartons, as well as in electronic industries and household appliances such as TV frames, computer frames, internal linings of freezers and refrigerators due to the ease of the process, recyclability and high hardness.

Features of crystalline polystyrene

Transparency and hardness:

Crystalline polystyrene is transparent in its pure form, and for this reason it is used in the manufacture of decorative products and packaging.

Impact resistance:

Due to the combination with rubber, its impact resistance is higher than ordinary polystyrene.

Processing capability:

This material is easily processed by injection, extrusion and thermoforming methods.

Chemical resistance:

It has good resistance against acids and weak bases.

Light weight:

This material has a low density and is very suitable for the production of light products.

Crystalline polystyrene can also be used as a compound. The difference between compound and masterbatch is in their application, in such a way that the compound is used to produce the final product, but the masterbatch gives specific properties to the primary polymers.

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Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is a terpolymer made from the polymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile in the presence of polybutadiene. Its ratio can be 15% to 35% acrylonitrile, 5% to 30% butadiene and 40% to 60% styrene.

ABS is one of the most widely used plastic raw materials due to its reasonable price and balanced mechanical and chemical properties. Other advantages of ABS include dimensional strength, high thermal resistance, and impact resistance.

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) can also be used as a compound. The difference between compound and masterbatch is in their application, so that the final product can be produced from compound, but masterbatch adds certain properties to polymers.
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is actually the result of a stretch of polybutadiene cross-linked with shorter poly(styrene-acrylonitrile) chains. The data sheet of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is as follows:

"SD0150"

Applications of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)

Due to its features such as high impact resistance, thermal performance, etc., this material is one of the most used materials in the production of plastic, which is used in the production of household equipment such as refrigerators, vacuum cleaners, electronic devices such as keyboards, printers, mice, etc. Laptops and computers are used.

Among the applications of ABS in automobiles and transportation, we can mention instrument panels, column trim, dashboard components, door linings and handles, seat backs, seat belt parts, etc., which are among high-use materials.

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene has favorable mechanical properties such as impact resistance, toughness and strength. By changing the ratio of ABS gear components, it can be produced with different grades. In general, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene has useful properties in the temperature range of 20 to 80 degrees Celsius.

Production methods of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene is produced in two ways:

In the first method, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers are mixed with acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber. Typically, the rubber phase is broken and uniformly dispersed in small particles as the discontinuous phase in the continuous phase.

In the second method, which is used in most operations today, it provides greater versatility and the ability to custom design specific asset profiles. Acrylonitrile is grafted onto a butadiene or butadiene styrene copolymer backbone.

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Crystalline polystyrene compound is one of the primary polymer materials used in various industries. This material is resistant to heat and has high mechanical properties, which has made it widely used in the production of plastic materials.

Application of crystalline polystyrene compound

Crystalline polystyrene compound is one of the raw materials of plastic, which has a uniform texture. This material is widely used in the production of soup packaging containers, disposable cups, ice cream packaging containers and dairy packaging containers. It is also used in the manufacture of toys, watch bands, televisions and electrical components.

It is a compound of polymer raw materials such as crystalline polystyrene to increase the desired properties of the final product. Among the advantages of GPPS compound, we can mention the high transparency, high hardness and easy processing capability of these polymer materials.

Crystalline polystyrene compound is produced from styrene polymerization and is resistant to acids, bases, alcohols, oils and salt solutions. Polystyrene is flammable and burns with a characteristic smell and dark soot.

The molding feature makes the GPPS crystalline polystyrene compound one of the versatile materials, and the recycling of such materials is of great importance. Also, many of today's disposable and household products would not be available without these materials.

Therefore, it can be concluded that the difference between compound and masterbatch is that the compound is used to produce the final product with specific properties, while the masterbatch contains additives that are added in small amounts to the base polymers.

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Light polyethylene is a type of polyethylene produced by polymerization of ethylene with small amounts of alpha olefins such as butene and hexane. Light polyethylene compound is used in various industries such as packaging, which includes containers, films and bags.

Application of light polyethylene compound

Light polyethylene compound is used in automobile manufacturing for the production of internal and external parts, construction, pipes and consumer goods. This polymer is produced by methods such as injection molding, compression molding, extrusion, and rotational molding. It is also used in the pharmaceutical industry to produce bottles, medicine containers, laminates and garbage bags.

Compound of polymer raw materials is a set of polymer raw materials, colored particles and reinforcements that increases the final properties of the polymer and can be used in various industries including construction facilities and automobiles.

Among the advantages of light polyethylene compound, we can mention resistance to sunlight, economical cost, better plasticity of polyethylene compound and proper stability of manufactured products, which has led to more applications.

One of the important things when buying polyethylenes is distinguishing PET and polyethylene, which are similar to each other, but have different uses and properties, which are explained in the article on the difference between polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene.

One of the important things when buying polyethylenes is distinguishing PET and polyethylene, which are similar to each other, but have different uses and properties, which are explained in the article on the difference between polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene.

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Polypropylene compound (PP) is a hard and crystalline thermoplastic with low density.  Polypropylene compound is one of the polymer raw materials that has hard and flexible physical properties and the density is used on the weight of the parts.

Polypropylene (PP) compounds, when combined with ethylene copolymers, allow polypropylene compounds to be used as an engineering thermoplastic, competing with materials such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS).

Application of polypropylene compound (PP)

Polypropylene compounds can be used in the manufacture of car parts, medical equipment and in the production of household appliances. The compound of polymer materials such as polypropylene has high elasticity and is resistant to corrosion. Polypropylene compound (PP) is also used for the production of joints and for producers of plastic and non-plastic materials.

After polyethylene, 66% of the share of polymer materials in the world is polypropylene (PP). The reasons for the wide use of these materials are due to the various applications of PP, which has more physical properties and properties in the compound type.

Also, the difference between compound and masterbatch is in their application, in such a way that compound is used to produce a ready-made product and has fixed and precise properties, but masterbatch is a color additive or special properties that are added to the production process.

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Polymer Compounds and Masterbatches

Both polymer compounds and masterbatches are materials used in the production process of plastic products, but their applications and compositions are different. Let's examine the differences between the two:

1- Definition

Polymer Compounds:

A compound is a complete and engineered combination of a base polymer and additives that are uniformly mixed. These materials are commonly used in the plastics industry to produce finished products. Additives in compounds include the following:

Fillers: Materials such as calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) or talc that optimize mechanical properties or cost.
Reinforcements: Such as glass or carbon fibers to increase strength.
Stabilizers: To protect against environmental factors such as heat, light, or oxidation.
Pigments: To create the desired color.
Lubricants: To improve processability.

Compounds are used directly, without the need to add other materials, in manufacturing processes such as plastic injection, extrusion or blow molding.

Masterbatch:

A masterbatch is a concentrated mixture of one or more additives (such as pigments, stabilizers or antioxidants) dispersed in a carrier resin. This substance is added as an additive agent in small quantities to base polymers to give specific properties to the final product.

Types of masterbatch:

Color masterbatch: To create specific colors in plastic products.

Additive masterbatch: To improve properties such as UV resistance, heat resistance or antibacterial properties.

Filler masterbatch: To reduce costs and improve mechanical properties using materials such as calcium carbonate.

2- Application

Compound

Production of finished products without the need to mix other materials.
Suitable for applications that require special properties such as high strength, flexibility or heat-resistant properties.
Examples:
Automotive parts (such as bumpers and dashboards)
Pipes and profiles
Cables and wires
Medical equipment

Masterbatch

Additive to modify the properties of the base material.
It is added to the raw polymer to create special properties such as color, UV resistance or anti-static properties.
Examples:
Creating various colors in plastic bottles and containers.
Adding antibacterial properties to food packaging.
Increasing resistance to light degradation in agricultural products (such as greenhouse nylon).

3- Usage ratio

The compound completely replaces the raw polymer in the production process.
Masterbatch is usually added to the base polymer in small percentages (1 to 5% by weight).

4- Production process

Compound

Compounds are fully mixed and ready to use in the production process. Twin-screw extruders are used as the main equipment for compound production. In these devices:

Raw materials enter the extruder.

They are mixed and homogenized under a certain pressure and temperature.
The final product is produced in the form of granules or pellets, which are ready to be used in the production of final products.

Masterbatch

Masterbatches are usually produced in single-screw or twin-screw extruders. In this process:

The carrier resin is mixed with the desired additives.

The homogenization process is performed.

The product is produced in the form of small granules.

5- Type of final product

Compound: The final product is ready-made and does not require the addition of other materials.

Masterbatch: Must be mixed with raw materials to achieve the final properties.

Conclusion

Compound is used to produce finished products with precise and consistent properties and is the best choice for mass production with specific properties.

Masterbatch is added to raw materials as an additive to create color or specific properties and is suitable for production lines that require frequent changes.

Ultimately, the choice between polymer compound and masterbatches depends on the type of final product, production process and production economics.

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Light polyethylene is a soft, flexible and lightweight plastic material that is included in the category of polymer raw materials. One of the reasons for the popularity of light polyethylene is its flexibility at low temperatures and high resistance to corrosion.

PET or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene are similar to each other, but they have differences such as different polymer composition, different properties and applications, which you should pay attention to when choosing as raw materials.

Applications of light polyethylene (LDPE)

Also, the use of light polyethylene is not suitable for applications where hardness, high temperature resistance and structural strength are required. Light polyethylene is used in plastic raw materials, and due to its good flexibility and low price, it can be used to make food and garbage bags, juice containers, adhesive coatings, water pipes and hoses.

"LH0075"

Unlike heavy polyethylene, light polyethylene has a branching structure with long and short branches. LDPE light polyethylene is produced at a temperature of 80 to 300 °C and a pressure of 1000 to 3000 bar through a free radical polymerization process. One of the other models of light polyethylene is linear light polyethylene, which we will explain below.

Features of light polyethylene:

High flexibility:

This feature makes it widely used in the production of films and packaging.

Relative transparency:

It is transparent in low thicknesses.

High chemical resistance:

It is resistant to chemicals, acids and bases.

Impact resistance:

This material has high impact properties.

Low density:

Its density is around 0.91 to 0.94 grams per cubic centimeter.

Operating temperature:

Its temperature resistance is usually in the range of -50 to 85 degrees Celsius.

Linear light polyethylene

It is a linear polymer with short branches and is generally produced by copolymerization with short chain alpha olefins such as 1-butene, 1-hexene and 1-octene. Linear light polyethylene has higher tensile strength than light polyethylene. It also has a higher resistance to impact and puncture. Linear light polyethylene is used to make cable caps, small packages, liquid containers, etc.

Linear light polyethylene has a melting point of 105 to 115 degrees Celsius and its density is 0.91 to 0.94. Also, this material has a good resistance to alcohols, dilute acids and bases and has a low price with good processability.

“LL 0209AA”

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Polystyrene is one of the primary polymer materials that is clear, rigid, fragile and strong in its unmodified state. Polystyrene is produced in various forms such as foam, rigid plastic and film, which are used for food packaging, electronic protection, etc.

Polystyrene is also known as phenylene and is a thermoplastic polymer that softens and melts when heated and can be reused. Polystyrene is a widely used electrical insulator that is resistant to chemicals such as acids and bases.

Polystyrene contains styrene monomer. In addition, it may contain additives such as initiators, catalysts, stabilizers, lubricants, pigments, and fillers that increase the physical properties of the final product.

Applications of polystyrene

It is used to protect consumables and prevent them from spoiling. The production of disposable dishes, electrical appliances, clock bodies, televisions, radios, sports equipment, toys, cold insulation in the bodies of refrigerators, freezers and household appliances are among the uses of polystyrene.

Features of polystyrene

Light and low density:

This feature has caused it to be used in packaging and insulation applications.

Transparency:

In its pure form, polystyrene is transparent and can be used for applications that require visibility.

Low thermal resistance:

At high temperatures, it becomes brittle and deforms easily.

Cheap and economical:

Its production is cheap and it is the reason for its wide use in industries.

Recyclability:

Polystyrene can be recycled, although its recycling requires special conditions.

Below are the explanations of the types of polystyrene:

General polystyrene GPPS

One of the most widely used polystyrene models is crystalline polystyrene, which is also known as crystal polystyrene and is used for general purposes. It is used to make disposable containers, electrical parts, sports equipment and toys. Also, the use of crystalline polystyrene has advantages such as high strength, transparency, dimensional stability, high electrical properties, resistance to gamma rays and low price.

"GPPS1540"

HIPS resistant polystyrene

It is an economical and versatile polymer that is resistant to impact and has good dimensional stability. Resistant polystyrene can be colored and is easily molded. The advantages of this type of polystyrene include high flexibility, easy machining, impact resistance, and low price.

HIPS resistant polystyrene is actually a thermoplastic that is obtained from the polymerization of styrene monomers and is a hard and rigid plastic. Resistant polystyrene is used for packaging and making consumer goods.

"HIPS7240"

EPS expanded polystyrene:

Expanded polystyrene is produced from white foams, which is used in the packaging industry, building insulation and other cases. Also, EPS expanded polystyrene granules consist of two parts. A part of styrene that forms the structure of the cell and a part of pentane gas that is a foaming agent. Expanded polystyrene is light weight and has low heat transfer.

Hence it is used for insulation. Expandable polystyrene can be used to prevent energy loss. Also, this polymer has high impact resistance.

"HS121"

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