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Карбамид по внешнему виду очень похож на кристаллы, бесцветен, температура плавления 132,7, считается одним из нефтехимических сырьевых материалов. Если мочевина закипит раньше указанной температуры, она разложится.

Карбамид производится промышленным способом на основе процесса Bosch Meiser из аммиака и углекислого газа на интегрированных предприятиях. Поскольку синтез аммиака, используемого при производстве мочевины, не требует получения водорода с термином метан, его можно использовать.

Промышленный карбамид является негорючим и безвредным для окружающей среды веществом, имеет химическую формулу CH4N2O. Это вещество можно использовать в различных областях, таких как сельское хозяйство, кормовые добавки, пластмассовая и медицинская промышленность.

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Urea looks very similar to crystals and is colorless, its melting point is 132.7, and it is considered as one of the petrochemical raw materials. If urea boils earlier than the above temperature, it will decompose.

Urea is produced industrially based on the Bosch Meiser process from ammonia and carbon dioxide in integrated sites. Since the synthesis of ammonia used in the production of urea does not require the production of hydrogen with the term methane, it can be used.

Industrial urea is a non-flammable substance and is not harmful to the environment, which has the chemical formula CH4N2O. This substance can be used in various fields such as agriculture, feed supplements, in the plastic and medicine industry.

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Sulfur is a petrochemical raw material that is used in various industries including steel production. Other uses of sulfur include gunpowder production, rubber welding, sulfuric acid production, and fungicides.

Sulfur is a non-metallic element that is in crystalline form and exists in the framework of stable isotopes. It is used as a chemical agent or fungicide and in rubber vulcanization. Sulfur is deposited in volcanic vents.

Sulfur is also found in sedimentary rocks, especially gypsum and limestone, along with salt domes. Native sulfur is the main source of sulfur for the sulfuric acid industry, followed by sour gas (natural gas containing hydrogen sulfide) and pyrite.

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Light polyethylene is a soft, flexible and lightweight plastic material that is included in the category of polymer raw materials. One of the reasons for the popularity of light polyethylene is its flexibility at low temperatures and high resistance to corrosion.

PET or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene are similar to each other, but they have differences such as different polymer composition, different properties and applications, which you should pay attention to when choosing as raw materials.

Applications of light polyethylene (LDPE)

Also, the use of light polyethylene is not suitable for applications where hardness, high temperature resistance and structural strength are required. Light polyethylene is used in plastic raw materials, and due to its good flexibility and low price, it can be used to make food and garbage bags, juice containers, adhesive coatings, water pipes and hoses.

"LH0075"

Unlike heavy polyethylene, light polyethylene has a branching structure with long and short branches. LDPE light polyethylene is produced at a temperature of 80 to 300 °C and a pressure of 1000 to 3000 bar through a free radical polymerization process. One of the other models of light polyethylene is linear light polyethylene, which we will explain below.

Linear light polyethylene

It is a linear polymer with short branches and is generally produced by copolymerization with short chain alpha olefins such as 1-butene, 1-hexene and 1-octene. Linear light polyethylene has higher tensile strength than light polyethylene. It also has a higher resistance to impact and puncture. Linear light polyethylene is used to make cable caps, small packages, liquid containers, etc.

Linear light polyethylene has a melting point of 105 to 115 degrees Celsius and its density is 0.91 to 0.94. Also, this material has a good resistance to alcohols, dilute acids and bases and has a low price with good processability.

“LL 0209AA”

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Polystyrene is one of the primary polymer materials that is clear, rigid, fragile and strong in its unmodified state. Polystyrene is produced in various forms such as foam, rigid plastic and film, which are used for food packaging, electronic protection, etc.

Polystyrene is also known as phenylene and is a thermoplastic polymer that softens and melts when heated and can be reused. Polystyrene is a widely used electrical insulator that is resistant to chemicals such as acids and bases.

Polystyrene contains styrene monomer. In addition, it may contain additives such as initiators, catalysts, stabilizers, lubricants, pigments, and fillers that increase the physical properties of the final product.

Applications of polystyrene

It is used to protect consumables and prevent them from spoiling. The production of disposable dishes, electrical appliances, clock bodies, televisions, radios, sports equipment, toys, cold insulation in the bodies of refrigerators, freezers and household appliances are among the uses of polystyrene.

Below are the explanations of the types of polystyrene:

General polystyrene GPPS

One of the most widely used polystyrene models is crystalline polystyrene, which is also known as crystal polystyrene and is used for general purposes. It is used to make disposable containers, electrical parts, sports equipment and toys. Also, the use of crystalline polystyrene has advantages such as high strength, transparency, dimensional stability, high electrical properties, resistance to gamma rays and low price.

"GPPS1540"

HIPS resistant polystyrene

It is an economical and versatile polymer that is resistant to impact and has good dimensional stability. Resistant polystyrene can be colored and is easily molded. The advantages of this type of polystyrene include high flexibility, easy machining, impact resistance, and low price.

HIPS resistant polystyrene is actually a thermoplastic that is obtained from the polymerization of styrene monomers and is a hard and rigid plastic. Resistant polystyrene is used for packaging and making consumer goods.

"HIPS7240"

EPS expanded polystyrene:

Expanded polystyrene is produced from white foams, which is used in the packaging industry, building insulation and other cases. Also, EPS expanded polystyrene granules consist of two parts. A part of styrene that forms the structure of the cell and a part of pentane gas that is a foaming agent. Expanded polystyrene is light weight and has low heat transfer.

Hence it is used for insulation. Expandable polystyrene can be used to prevent energy loss. Also, this polymer has high impact resistance.

"HS121"

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Additives (Masterbatch) is actually a solid product that is usually rubber, plastic or elastomer. Masterbatch is a thick mixture of pigments that is added to polymer raw materials.

Masterbatch is a type of additive that is used to color polymer raw materials or transfer other properties to them. To produce a masterbatch, the pigments or additives are first identified and weighed, and then mixed with carrier resin or polymer raw materials.

For example, masterbatches may have the following additives:
UV stabilizer

Antioxidants

Lubricants and molding agents

Foaming agents

Antistatic agents

Nucleogenic agents

Anti-blocking agents, etc

Masterbatch is a concentrated additive to the granule for modifying thermoplastics, and an additive is composed of one or more materials and a special polymer carrier resin. Today, masterbatches are widely used in the plastic industry and are one of the essential materials in the 21st century.

Masterbatch applications

In addition to paper, glass and metal are also used in packaging from Masterbatch. Various types of masterbatch can be used in the automotive industry, electrical and electronic industry, construction industry, consumer goods, appliances and household items.

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One of the most practical models of polystyrene, which is a part of polymer, is crystalline polystyrene, which is also known as crystal polystyrene and is used for general purposes. It is used to make disposable containers, electrical parts, sports equipment and toys.

Using crystalline polystyrene has advantages such as high strength, transparency, dimensional stability, high electrical properties, resistance to gamma rays and low price. Also, its disadvantages include fragility at ambient temperature and poor mechanical properties.

According to the applications of crystalline polystyrene, which is used in the production of disposable containers, etc., it can also be placed in the category of plastic raw materials. In the market, crystalline polystyrene is known as crystal, and it is a glossy, glassy, ​​resistant and hard polymer.

Applications of crystalline polystyrene

It is used for food packaging such as dairy products, meat and chicken trays, chicken plastic cartons, as well as in electronic industries and household appliances such as TV frames, computer frames, internal linings of freezers and refrigerators due to the ease of the process, recyclability and high hardness. .

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Polypropylene (PP) is a type of proolefin that is a little harder than polyethylene. Polypropylene is a commodity plastic with low density and resistant to high heat. Among the uses of polypropylene, we can mention the use in packaging, automobiles, consumer goods, medicine, and cast films, and its chemical formula is (C3H6)n.

Polypropylene (PP) is divided into two categories: polypropylene homopolymer and copolymer. In the following, they have been examined:

Polypropylene homopolymer

They are thermoplastic resins that are produced through the polymerization of propylene with Ziegler-Natta catalysts. Homopolymers can be used in various processing technologies such as injection molding, blow molding, film, fiber, sheet extrusion and thermal forming.

In addition to the above applications, PPH homopolymer polypropylene has features such as higher strength-to-weight ratio, longer durability, and greater material stiffness compared to polypropylene copolymer, and for applications that require good resistance to impact, corrosion, and chemicals. It needs good weldability and processability.

"Z  30 s"

Polypropylene copolymer

Copolymers have a second monomer of ethylene, which increases the impact strength compared to polypropylene homopolymer. The key properties of polypropylene copolymer are high impact strength, good chemical resistance, better resistance to cracking at low temperatures and increased flexibility.

Polypropylene copolymer can be used in cases such as making car parts, containers, packaging and family products. It is also widely used in injection molding for various parts and medical devices.

"Moplen EPD60R"

Polypropylene (PP) is a lightweight, hard, rigid and crystalline thermoplastic that exists in various forms. Among the advantages of polypropylene, we can mention its melting point, density, chemical resistance and flammability.

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Акрилонитрилбутадиенстирол (АБС) представляет собой терполимер, полученный в результате полимеризации стирола и акрилонитрила в присутствии полибутадиена. Его соотношение может составлять от 15% до 35% акрилонитрила, от 5% до 30% бутадиена и от 40% до 60% стирола.

ABS является одним из наиболее широко используемых пластиковых материалов благодаря своей доступной цене и сбалансированным механическим и химическим свойствам. Другие преимущества ABS включают размерную прочность, высокую термостойкость и ударопрочность.

Акрилонитрил-бутадиен-стирол (АБС) на самом деле является результатом сшивки полибутадиена с более короткими поли(стирол-акрилонитрильными) цепями. Паспорт акрилонитрилбутадиенстирола (АБС) выглядит следующим образом:

"SD0150"

Применение акрилонитрил-бутадиен-стирола (АБС)

Благодаря своим особенностям, таким как высокая ударопрочность, тепловые характеристики и т. д., этот материал является одним из наиболее часто используемых материалов в производстве пластика, который используется в производстве бытовой техники, такой как холодильники, пылесосы, электронные устройства, такие как в качестве клавиатур, принтеров, мышей и т. д. Используются ноутбуки и компьютеры.

Среди применений АБС в автомобилях и на транспорте можно упомянуть приборные панели, обивку рулевой колонки, компоненты приборной панели, дверные накладки и ручки, спинки сидений, детали ремней безопасности и т. д., которые относятся к числу материалов с высоким уровнем использования.

Акрилонитрил-бутадиен-стирол обладает благоприятными механическими свойствами, такими как ударопрочность, ударная вязкость и прочность. Изменяя соотношение компонентов шестерни ABS, можно производить ее разных марок. В целом акрилонитрилбутадиенстирол обладает полезными свойствами в диапазоне температур от 20 до 80 градусов Цельсия.

Способы производства акрилонитрилбутадиенстирола (АБС)

Акрилонитрилбутадиенстирол получают двумя способами:

В первом методе сополимеры стирола и акрилонитрила смешивают с акрилонитрил-бутадиеновым каучуком. Обычно каучуковая фаза раздроблена и равномерно диспергирована на мелкие частицы, как прерывистая фаза в непрерывной фазе.

Второй метод, который сегодня используется в большинстве операций, обеспечивает большую универсальность и возможность индивидуального проектирования конкретных профилей активов. Акрилонитрил прививают на основную цепь бутадиена или бутадиен-стирольного сополимера.

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Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is a terpolymer made from the polymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile in the presence of polybutadiene. Its ratio can be 15% to 35% acrylonitrile, 5% to 30% butadiene and 40% to 60% styrene.

ABS is one of the most widely used plastic raw materials due to its reasonable price and balanced mechanical and chemical properties. Other advantages of ABS include dimensional strength, high thermal resistance, and impact resistance.
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is actually the result of a stretch of polybutadiene cross-linked with shorter poly(styrene-acrylonitrile) chains. The data sheet of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is as follows:

"SD0150"

Applications of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)

Due to its features such as high impact resistance, thermal performance, etc., this material is one of the most used materials in the production of plastic, which is used in the production of household equipment such as refrigerators, vacuum cleaners, electronic devices such as keyboards, printers, mice, etc. Laptops and computers are used.

Among the applications of ABS in automobiles and transportation, we can mention instrument panels, column trim, dashboard components, door linings and handles, seat backs, seat belt parts, etc., which are among high-use materials.

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene has favorable mechanical properties such as impact resistance, toughness and strength. By changing the ratio of ABS gear components, it can be produced with different grades. In general, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene has useful properties in the temperature range of 20 to 80 degrees Celsius.

Production methods of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene is produced in two ways:

In the first method, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers are mixed with acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber. Typically, the rubber phase is broken and uniformly dispersed in small particles as the discontinuous phase in the continuous phase.

In the second method, which is used in most operations today, it provides greater versatility and the ability to custom design specific asset profiles. Acrylonitrile is grafted onto a butadiene or butadiene styrene copolymer backbone.

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